A Tennessee man has been charged with aggravated sexual exploitation for placing Miley Cyrus’ face, and that of two other children on the bodies of nude women.

Investigators argue that although Michael Wayne Campbell had no contact with the three girls (including Miley,) that “when you have the face of a small child affixed to a nude body of a mature woman, it’s going to be the state’s position that this is for sexual gratification and that this is simulated sexual activity.”

According to media reports, the U.S. Supreme Court in 2002 ruled that “virtual child pornography,” in which no children were actually harmed, is protected speech and does not constitute a crime, throwing doubt on the charges.

Justin Fitzsimmons, a senior attorney with the National Center for the Prosecution of Child Abuse, told CNN that the case was yet another example of “people trying to come up with creative ways to continue to sexually exploit children using digital evidence.”

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